Unlocking the Potential of ADUs: A Solution for Senior Housing in New Jersey

With Connecticut recently signing a new bill into law for seniors who want to age in place, it is time for neighboring New Jersey, with an aging population and the need for housing options that allow seniors to age in place becomes increasingly critical. One promising solution is the implementation of Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs). ADUs are smaller, independent living units attached to or detached from a primary residence, offering a flexible living arrangement that can benefit seniors by keeping them close to family while maintaining their independence. However, New Jersey's approach to ADUs is fragmented, and there's a growing conversation around whether the state will make it easier for seniors to utilize this housing option.

What Are Accessory Dwelling Units?

ADUs, sometimes referred to as "granny flats" or "in-law suites," are secondary housing units on a single-family residential lot. They can be a converted garage, a basement apartment, or a separate building altogether. ADUs provide an affordable and efficient way to create additional housing within existing neighborhoods, making them an attractive option for aging in place.

The Current State of ADUs in New Jersey

In New Jersey, the legal landscape for ADUs is complex and inconsistent. Of course, Unlike states such as California, Oregon, and more recently Connecticut, which have enacted statewide laws to streamline the creation of ADUs, New Jersey's regulations vary significantly by municipality. Some towns have embraced ADUs, while others have restrictive ordinances that make it difficult for homeowners to construct these units. This is typical for the state of New Jersey, despite having a Universal Code Construction Code, every town feels like they are their own kingdom to rule and interpret and enforce the code differently in every town.

For example, municipalities like Maplewood, Princeton, Bradley Beach, and East Orange have ordinances that allow for ADUs, but with varying requirements and restrictions. In Maplewood, ADUs must be no more than 40% of the living area of the principal dwelling unit and no less than 300 square feet. Princeton has a different set of rules, allowing no more than 800 square feet or 25% of the total floor area of the principal dwelling unit, whichever is greater. These differing regulations can create confusion and obstacles for homeowners wishing to build ADUs.

Benefits of ADUs for Aging in Place

ADUs offer numerous benefits, especially for seniors:

1. Proximity to Family: Seniors can live close to family members who can provide support while maintaining their independence.

2. Affordability: ADUs are generally more affordable to build and maintain than moving to a senior living facility or purchasing a new home.

3. Flexibility: These units can be adapted to meet the needs of aging residents, including accessibility modifications.

4. Community Integration: ADUs enable seniors to stay within their communities, preserving social ties and local support networks.

AARP has been a strong advocate for the adoption of ADUs, recognizing them as a valuable tool for helping seniors age in place. The organization provides resources and supports policies that make it easier for homeowners to build ADUs, emphasizing their potential to offer affordable, accessible housing options for older adults.

Will New Jersey Make ADUs Easier for Seniors?

The push for more accessible ADU laws in New Jersey is gaining traction, but significant changes are still needed to streamline the process and make these units a viable option statewide. Advocates argue that a statewide policy, similar to those in other states, would eliminate the current patchwork of regulations and provide clear guidelines for homeowners.

There are several steps New Jersey could take to make ADUs more accessible for aging seniors:

1. Statewide Legislation: Enacting a statewide ADU policy would provide uniform standards and simplify the approval process.

2. Financial Incentives: Offering financial incentives, such as tax breaks or grants, to homeowners who build ADUs could encourage more construction.

3. Educational Campaigns: Increasing awareness about the benefits of ADUs and providing resources on how to navigate the regulatory process would help homeowners understand their options.

4. Streamlined Permitting: Simplifying the permitting process and reducing fees associated with ADU construction would remove barriers for many homeowners.

States Leading the Way with ADUs

Several states have already enacted policies to promote ADU construction, setting examples that New Jersey could follow:

1. California: California has been a leader in ADU legislation, passing several laws to remove barriers and encourage the development of these units. The state has simplified the approval process, reduced fees, and removed parking requirements for ADUs, making it easier for homeowners to build them.

2. Oregon: Oregon has also adopted progressive ADU policies. The state has eliminated owner-occupancy requirements and off-street parking mandates, significantly lowering the barriers to ADU construction.

3. Connecticut: Recently, Connecticut passed legislation to promote ADUs as a solution to the housing crisis and support aging in place. The new laws streamline the approval process and provide clear guidelines for homeowners.

ADUs represent a promising solution for addressing the housing needs of aging seniors in New Jersey. However, the state's current approach, characterized by a patchwork of municipal regulations, limits their potential. By looking to states like California, Oregon, and Connecticut, New Jersey can adopt more comprehensive and accessible ADU